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WHAT 

EVERY  MOTHER 
SHOULD  KNOW 

About  her  Infants  and 
Young  Children 

BY 

Charles  Gilmore  Kerley,  m.  d. 

PROFESSOR  OF  DISEASES  OF  CHILDREN  N.  Y.  POLYCLINIC 
MEDICAL  SCHOOL  AND  HOSPITAL 


NEW  YORK 
PAUL  B.  HOEBER 

6^'6g  EAST  59TH  STREET 
I9I5 


>  1/ 


i(o  -no 

Copyright,  191 5 
By  PAUL  B.  HOEBER 


Published,  June  191 5 


Printed  in  the  United  States  of  America 


PREFACE 

This  pamphlet  was  prepared  at  the  suggestion  of 
a  child's  welfare  organization.  Its  purpose  is  to 
place  in  the  hands  of  the  mother  of  moderate  means, 
concise,  readily  understood  and  practical  instructions 
for  the   care   of  their  infants  and  young  children. 

Charles  Gilmore  Kerley. 
132  W.  8 1  St  Street, 
May,  1915. 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

I.     HYGIENE 9 

The  Baby's  Requirements 9 

Sleep        9 

Clothing  Required  at  Birth 10 

At  Six  Months 13 

At  the  First   Year 13 

The  Out  of  Door  Clothing 15 

The  Bo'wel  Function 15 

Fresh   Air 15 

Airing  in  Cold  and  Inclement  Weather  ....  17 

The  Bath 17 

Bathing 19 

Sponge  Bath 19 

Sponging  on  Hot  Days 19 

Sponging  for  Prickly  Heat 19 

II.    MATERNAL  NURSING 21 

The   Diet 21 

Boivel  Evacuation 21 

Washing  the  Nipples 21 

Nursing  Hours 23 

Regularity  in  Nursing 23 

Signs   of  Successful  Nursing 23 

Failure  of  the  Breast  Milk 25 

Conditions    Under   Which   the  Mother  Should  Not 

Nurse 25 


Contents 

PAGE 

III.  ARTIFICIAL    FEEDING 27 

Care  of  the  Milk  After  Delivery 29 

Bottle  and  Nipples 29 

Hoiv  to  Clean  the  Bottles 29 

The  Care  of  the  Nipples 29 

Details  for  the  Preparation  of  the  Food       .      .      .  31 

How  to   Prepare   the   Food 31 

Heating  the  Milk •      •  33 

IV.  FOOD  FORMULAS  FOR  WELL  INFANTS       ...  35 

V.     FEEDING  FROM  FIRST  TO  SIXTH  YEAR  ...  41 
From  the  Twelfth  to  the  Fifteenth  Month;  Five 

Meals  Daily 41 

From   the   Fifteenth  to  the  Eighteenth   Month; 

Four  Meals  Daily 43 

Sample   Meal 45 

From     the     Eighteenth     to    the     Twenty-fourth 

Month;  Four  Meals  Daily 45 

Sample  Dinner 47 

From  the  Second  to  the  Third  Year;  Three  Meals 

Daily 49 

From  the  Third  to  the  Sixth  Year 51 

VI.     DIET  AFTER  THE  SIXTH  YEAR 57 

Cooking    of   Vegetables 57 

The   Use  of  Sugar 57 

VIL     DENTITION 61 

The   Teeth 61 

The  Permanent   Set 63 

Care   of  the   Teeth 63 

VIII.    AILMENTS 65 

Sudden  Attacks  of  Vomiting 65 


Contents 

PAGE 

Persistent  or  Chronic  Vomiting;  Habitual  Regurgi- 
tation           65 

Diarrhoea        67 

Constipation 67 

Constipation  in  Older  Children 69 

The  Diet 71 

Worms        71 

The  Round  Worm 73 

The    Thread   Worm 73 

The  Tape  Worm 73 

Germs         75 

IX.     FIRST  AID  TO  THE  BABY 79 

Cuts 79 

Bruises  and  Bumps 79 

Sprains       .....     79 

Burns 79 

Bites  of  Animals 81 

Bites  of  Insects 81 

Fever 81 

Colic 81 

Convulsions 83 

Earache 83 

Nose-bleed 83 

Foreign  Bodies  Swallowed 85 

Foreign  Bodies  in  Nose  and  Ear 85 

Prickly  Heat 85 

Croup 85 

Sore  Throat        87 

The  Swallowing  of  Poisons 87 

X..   GENERAL  INSTRUCTIONS 89 

How  to  Give  an  Enema 89 


Contents 

PAGE 

How  TO  Cleanse  the  Eyes 89 

How  TO  Cleanse  the  Baby's  Nose 89 

How  TO  Syringe  the  Ears 91 

XI.     GENERAL    CONSIDERATIONS    . 93 

Weight 93 

Vaccination 95 

The  Baby  Basket 95 

Kissing  the  Baby 95 

Flies  and  Mosquitoes 97 

Habits         97 

Good    Habits 97 

Bad  Habits 97 

XII.     DONT'S loi 

XIII.     FORMULAS 105 

Barley  Water 105 

Rice  Water 105 

Egg  Water 105 

Beef,  Mutton  or  Chicken  Broth 105 

Scraped  Beef 105 

Beef  Juice 105 

Oatmeal  Jelly 107 

Whey         107 

Junket 107 


WHAT  EVERY  MOTHER 
SHOULD  KNOW 


WHAT   EVERY  MOTHER 
SHOULD  KNOW 


HYGIENE 

HE  baby's  actual  requirements  are 
few.  He  demands  regularity  in 
feeding  either  from  the  breast  or 
bottle,  a  cleansing  bath  once  daily, 
sponging  once  daily,  fresh  air, 
adequate  sleep  and  suitable  cloth- 
ing.    The   baby   should  become 

habituated  to  system  in  all  things  that  relate  to  his 

care  and  management. 

THE    BABY^S    REQUIREMENTS 

Sleep.  A  great  deal  of  sleep  is  required  by  young 
babies.  Until  the  child  is  three  months  old,  he  re- 
quires from  twenty  to  twenty-two  hours'  sleep  daily. 

9 


Notes 


Hygiene  1 1 

From  the  sixth  month  to  the  twelfth  month  the  child 
should  sleep  from  6  P.  M.  to  6  A.  M.  without  interrup- 
tion other  than  for  feeding  or  nursing  at  10  p.  M.  At 
the  sixth  month  there  should  be  a  two-hour  nap  in  the 
morning  and  one-hour  nap  in  the  afternoon.  At 
one  year  of  age  one  and  one-half  hour  nap  in  the 
morning  and  one-hour  nap  in  the  afternoon  answers. 
From  the  eighteenth  to  the  twenty-fourth  month  one 
nap  daily  at  midday  is  sufficient.  An  after-dinner 
rest  of  one  and  one-half  hours  should  be  continued 
until  the  child  is  six  years  old. 

Clothing  Required  at  Birth.  The  infant  at  birth 
requires  practically  the  same  clothing,  winter  or  sum- 
mer, three  flannel  bands,  to  be  torn  the  desired  length 
and  width  according  to  the  size  of  the  baby.  This 
allows  for  a  band  in  use,  one  to  be  laundered  and  one 
for  emergency.  The  band  is  sewed  on  every  day, 
after  baby's  bath.  Have  the  needle  ready  for  use  in 
a  small  cushion  especially  for  the  purpose,  and  be 
sure  to  replace  the  needle  when  finished.  We  are 
very  certain  if  the  band  is  put  on  in  this  way  that 
baby  is  not  crying  because  pins  are  sticking  in  him. 

Three  silk  and  wool  (or  cotton  and  wool)  shirts, 
high  neck  and  long  sleeves  (Hghter  weight  for  a 
summer  infant) . 

Three  dozen  cotton  diapers. 

Three  flannel  slips  with  button  and  button  holes 


Notes 


Hygiene  13 

on  each  shoulder.  This  type  of  garment  prevents 
unnecessary  handling  of  the  child. 

Six  plain  muslin  slips. 

At  Six  Months.  From  the  third  month  on,  ac- 
cording to  the  season,  the  child  may  be  put  in  short 
clothes.  The  little  slips  can  be  cut  short  and  a  few 
new  ones  added.     Eight  in  all  are  sufficient. 

Three  stockingette  night  slips,  one  easily  washed 
every  morning. 

Three  flannel  petticoats,  and  stockings  to  cover 
the  legs,  as  they  have  been  kept  very  warm  up  to 
this  time.  In  winter  a  silk  and  wool  (or  cotton  and 
wool)  stocking  is  advisable.  A  woven  band  is  now 
used  instead  of  the  strips  of  flannel.  The  shirts 
are  the  same,  except  if  the  summer  months  have  ar- 
rived the  baby  needs  low  neck  cotton  shirts  instead 
of  woolen  ones. 

The  number  of  diapers  the  baby  requires  should 
now  begin  to  diminish,  for  at  regular  intervals  he  is 
held  on  a  small  chamber  to  urinate.  If  his  bowels 
move  regularly  he  will  seldom  have  a  soiled  napkin. 

At  the  First  Year.  At  about  this  age  the  child  will 
begin  to  stand,  and  he  must  have  shoes  to  support  his 
ankles.  Rompers  will  give  him  freedom  and  save  on 
the  laundry.  As  soon  as  he  is  sufficiently  trained, 
(about  18  months)  drawers  should  replace  the  dia- 
pers. 

Laced  shoes  are  best  for  a  walking  child,  but  can- 


Notes 


Hygiene  1 5 

not  be  procured  for  a  small  baby.  When  out  of 
doors  In  winter  the  child  should  have  his  ears  well 
covered,  and  a  bonnet  with  an  Interlining  should  be 
used.  A  thin  sweater  Is  a  convenient  garment  to  use 
under  the  coat  on  very  cold  days.  The  child  should 
never  go  out  when  the  thermometer  Is  under  15°  F. 
A  fine  piece  of  cheese-cloth  may  be  made  to  fit  the 
baby  carriage,  fastened  on  the  hood,  and  this  will 
guard  against  dust  and  the  high  winds. 

The  Out  of  Door  Clothing  Is  dependent  entirely 
upon  the  season  of  the  year  and  with  the  sudden 
changes  which  take  place  In  the  climate  definite  rules 
can  not  be  laid  down.  Mothers  are  obliged  to  rely 
upon  their  own  judgment,  or  that  of  experienced 
friends.  As  a  general  proposition  It  may  be  said  that 
Infants  are  very  apt  to  be  overclad,  particularly  dur- 
ing the  hot  weather. 

The  Bowel  Function.  It  Is  necessary  that  the  baby 
have  one,  or  better,  two  stools  daily.  The  normal 
stool  Is  smooth  and  yellow.  If  barley  water  Is  used, 
the  stool  Is  made  much  darker.  Infants  on  the 
breast  will  often  have  several  stools  a  day  and  remain 
well.  Frequent  stools  in  bottle-babies  always  call 
for  the  attention  of  a  physician. 

Fresh  Air.  Fresh  air  Is  very  necessary  to  growing 
children.  This,  In  our  modern  dwellings,  Is  best 
supplied  through  the  open  windows.  A  safe  means 
of  ventilation  Is  In  the  use  of  a  "window  board."     A 


Notes 


Hygiene  17 

plain  one-Inch  board  is  sawed  the  width  of  the  win- 
dow frame  and  placed  under  the  raised  window  in  the 
lateral  frame  groove  resting  upon  the  sill.  This 
raises  the  top  of  the  lower  sash  above  the  bottom 
of  the  upper  one  leaving  a  space  between  through 
which  the  air  enters  with  the  current  directed  up- 
wards.    The  board  may  be  four  or  six  inches  wide. 

The  open  fireplace  is  an  ideal  means  of  ventilation 
but  these  are  not  to  be  found  in  many  dwellings. 

Airing  in  Cold  and  Inclement  Weather.  When  it 
is  very  cold  and  on  stormy  days,  when  the  baby  can 
not  safely  be  taken  out  of  doors,  give  an  indoor 
airing.  Dress  him  as  if  for  out  of  doors,  place  him 
in  the  baby  carriage,  or  in  a  clothes  basket  and  allow 
him  to  rest  in  a  room  the  windows  of  which  are  wide 
open. 

THE   BATH 

As  soon  as  the  cord  has  fallen  and  the  navel 
healed  the  baby  is  ready  for  the  bath.  This  should 
be  carried  out  in  a  warm  room,  75°  to  80°  F.  Cas- 
tile soap  should  be  used  and  the  water  should  be 
luke  warm,  95°  to  100°  F.  The  baby  should  be 
placed  entirely  in  the  water  excepting  the  head  and 
while  one  hand  supports  the  head,  the  other  is  used 
in  washing  the  child.  Sponges  should  not  be  used. 
Soft  old  linen  answers  best  as  a  washing  medium. 
The  baby  should  remain  two  or  three  minutes  in  the 


Notes 


Hygiene  19 

water,  when  he  Is  removed  and  placed  in  a  large 
bath  towel  and  dried.  The  bath  may  be  given  in  the 
morning  or  evening.  In  the  majority  of  instances 
it  is  most  convenient  to  give  the  bath  in  the  evening 
before  the  six  o'clock  feeding. 

BATHING 

Sponge  Bath.  This  simply  means  washing  the 
baby,  using  warm  water,  castile  soap  and  old  linen 
as  a  wash  cloth.  The  room  should  be  warm  and 
free  from  draughts  and  the  child  kept  covered  with 
a  blanket  during  the  procedure. 

Sponging  on  Hot  Days.  When  the  weather  is 
very  hot,  two  or  three  spongings  a  day  will  help  the 
baby  to  bear  the  heated  term.  The  water  may  now 
be  used  as  cool  as  it  runs  from  the  faucet.  Five 
minutes  is  sufficiently  long  for  the  sponging. 

Sponging  for  Prickly  Heat.  Prickly  heat  is  very 
annoying  to  many  babies  during  the  hot  weather. 
This  will  be  appreciably  relieved  by  adding  one  table- 
spoonful  of  bicarbonate  of  soda  to  a  quart  of  water 
and  sponging  the  entire  body  for  ten  minutes. 


Notes 


II 

MATERNAL  NURSING 

Babies  at  the  breast  very  seldom  suffer  from  sum- 
mer diarrhea.  Three  to  four  thousand  infants 
under  one  year  of  age  die  in  Greater  New  York 
from  intestinal  diseases  every  year.  These  are 
nearly  all  bottle  fed.  It  will  easily  be  seen  how  im- 
portant it  is  for  the  baby  to  be  nursed.  In  order  to 
nurse  the  baby  satisfactorily,  certain  rules  of  life 
should  be  followed  by  the  mother. 

The  Diet.  The  mother  may  eat  simple  plain 
food.  There  is  no  article  of  food,  however,  that  is 
absolutely  excluded.  Tea  and  coffee  should  be 
taken  sparingly.  The  mother  should  drink  milk 
(one  quart  daily  is  sufficient)  and  cocoa  and  partake 
plentifully  of  oatmeal  and  cornmeal  gruel.  One-half 
pint  of  milk  and  one-half  pint  of  gruel  at  bed  time 
should  be  taken  and  a  glass  of  milk  or  malted  milk 
in  the  middle  of  the  afternoon  will  also  be  of  use. 

Bowel  Evacuation,  The  mother  should  have  one 
bowel  evacuation  daily. 

Washing  the  Nipples.     Before  nursing,  the  nlp- 

21 


Notes 


Maternal  Nursing  23 

pies  should  be  washed  with  boracic  acid  solution,  one 
tablespoonful  to  the  pint  of  water. 

Nursing  Hours.  Babies  at  the  breast  do  better 
on  three-hour  nursings  during  the  day  and  four 
hours  at  night  as  follows:  6  A.  M.,  9  A.  M.,  12  M., 
3  p.  M.,  6  P.  M.,  10  P.  M.,  and  2  A.  M.  After  the  3rd 
month  the  2  A.  M.  nursing  should  be  discontinued. 

Regularity  in  Nursing.  Absolute  regularity  in 
nursing  Is  necessary  in  order  that  the  breast  may 
better  secrete  the  milk.  The  baby's  digestion  will 
be  far  better  also  If  he  is  nursed  at  regular  intervals. 

Signs  of  Successful  Nursing.  The  baby  is  satis- 
fied and  falls  asleep  at  the  breast  or  is  content  after 
nursing  ten  or  twenty  minutes.  There  are  two  or 
three  soft  yellow  stools  dally.  There  is  a  gain  in 
weight  of  four  to  six  ounces  weekly. 

When  the  nursing  is  unsatisfactory^  the  baby  de- 
mands frequent  nursings,  remains  long  at  the  breast, 
cries,  vomits  or  has  colic  after  he  finishes.  He  loses 
in  weight  or  makes  little  or  no  gain.  A  physician 
should  be  consulted  at  once  as  many  nursing  errors 
may  be  corrected  by  very  simple  means.  An  ex- 
amination of  the  mother's  milk  may  find  it  too  weak 
or  too  strong  or  deficient  in  quantity,  errors  which 
may  be  easily  corrected.  Weighing  the  baby  (with 
the  clothes  on)  before  and  after  nursings  gives  cor- 
rect information  as  to  the  amount  the  baby  gets  at 
one  nursing. 


Notes 


Maternal  Nursing  25 

Failure  of  the  Breast  Milk.  When  the  breast 
milk  begins  to  fail,  it  does  not  mean  that  the  baby- 
must  be  weaned.  It  is  now  possible  to  supplement 
the  breast  feedings  by  the  bottle.  From  two  to 
four  breast  feedings  may  be  given  daily;  for  the 
other  feedings,  a  modified  cow's  milk  mixture  (page 
35)  is  used. 

When  the  mother  can  not  nurse  the  baby  satis- 
factorily twice  a  day  it  is  better  to  wean  him. 

Conditions  under  which  the  Mother  should  not 
Nurse.  Those  who  have  tuberculosis  in  any  of  its 
forms,  epilepsy,  syphilis,  Bright's  disease,  or  are  rap- 
idly losing  weight  should  not  nurse.  Upon  the  ad- 
vent of  pregnancy  nursing  should  be  discontinued. 
When  the  milk  fails  or  when  the  breast  for  any  reason 
must  be  stopped,  bottle  feeding  of  cow's  milk  is  be- 
gun. 


Notes 


Ill 

ARTIFICIAL  FEEDING 

When  mother's  milk  falls  In  whole  or  in  part, 
another  means  of  feeding  must  be  employed.  We 
now  have  a  choice  of  fresh  cow's  milk,  condensed 
milk  and  the  proprietary  foods. 

Fresh  cow's  milk  supplies  a  means  of  feeding  by 
the  use  of  which  we  are  best  able  to  imitate  the 
milk  of  the  mother.  In  order  to  make  cow's  milk 
suitable  it  must  be  "  modified,"  which  means  chang- 
ing it  by  dilution  with  water  and  through  the  addi- 
tion of  sugar  and  lime  water  to  make  it  resemble 
as  closely  as  possible  the  milk  of  the  mother. 

The  milk  in  the  New  York  market  is  graded  as 
follows : 

Grade  A  —  Raw  milk,  called  certified  milk. 
Grade  A  —  Pasteurized  milk. 
Grade  B  —  Pasteurized  milk. 
Grade  C  —  For  cooking  purposes  (red  top  on 
bottle  and  white  tag) . 

Milk  Is  graded  according  to  the  care  exercised 
In  its  production.      (The  difference  between  these 

27 


Notes 


Artificial  Feeding  29 

various  grades  rests  in  the  matter  of  care  In  the 
milk  production.)  Grade  A — Raw  (certified)  Is 
best  for  infant  feeding. 

Care  of  the  Milk  after  Delivery,  There  is  very 
Httle  gained  through,  the  farmer  producing  a  clean 
safe  milk  and  keeping  the  milk  iced  until  delivered 
if  the  mother  allows  it  to  stand  in  the  hot  air  of  the 
kitchen  and  perhaps  exposed  to  flies  and  other  in- 
sects. As  soon  as  received  the  milk  should  be  placed 
in  the  ice-box  on  the  ice,  not  in  tHe  compartment  be- 
low, where  the  vegetables  and  meats  are  kept.  Here 
the  milk  should  rest  until  such  time  in  the  morning 
as  the  mother  is  able  to  devote  her  attention  to  the 
preparation  of  the  food. 

Bottle  and  Nipples.  Too  much  care  can  not  be 
exercised  in  the  care  of  the  bottles.  Unclean  bot- 
tles and  nipples  have  been  the  cause  of  many  in- 
fants' deaths.  The  oval  bottle  without  corners  is 
the  best.  There  should  be  as  many  bottles  as  there 
are  feedings  during  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Horn  to  Clean  the  Bottles.  The  bottles  should 
be  boiled  once  a  day,  scrubbed  with  a  stiff  bottle 
brush  using  hot  borax  water,  two  teaspoonfuls  of 
borax  to  the  pint  of  water.  The  bottles  should 
then  be  placed  In  boiled  cold  water  and  kept  there 
until  used. 

The  Care  of  the  Nipples,  Only  a  nipple  that 
may  be  easily  turned  should  be  used.     After  using, 


Notes 


Artificial  Feeding  31 

the  nipple  should  be  turned  and  scrubbed  with  a 
stiff  brush  and  borax  water,  two  teaspoonfuls  of 
borax  to  the  pint  of  water.  They  should  be  boiled 
for  a  few  minutes  once  a  day. 

For  measuring  purposes  the  mother  should  pos- 
sess a  one  pint  glass  graduate  which  is  a  measuring 
glass  marked  in  ounces,  and  a  one  ounce  cream  dip- 
per (Chapin). 

Details  for  the  Preparation  of  the  Food.  With 
bottles  and  utensils  previously  cleaned  the  next  step 
is  for  the  mother  to  wash  her  hands  with  soap  and 
water.  The  next  duty  is  to  drive  away  flies  from 
the  field  of  operation.  They  should  never  be  al- 
lowed to  rest  on  any  feeding  utensil.  The  use  of 
various  fly  catching  devices  and  the  vigorous  use  of 
the  "  fly  swatter  "  are  very  discouraging  to  the  fly. 
With  hands  clean  and  utensils  and  bottles  clean,  the 
milk,  water,  sugar  and  lime  water  or  barley  water 
are  mixed  according  to  instructions  which  the  mother 
may  have  received  from  the  physician  or  nurse;  or 
the  formulas  which  follow  (page  35)  may  be 
brought  into  use. 

Ham  to  Prepare  the  Food.  The  formula,  we 
will  assume,  calls  for  milk,  or  top  milk,  water,  milk 
sugar  and  lime  water.  The  milk  is  measured  first. 
Milk  sugar  is  diflicult  of  solution  in  cold  water, 
the  required  amount  is  best  dissolved  in  a  small 
portion  of  hot  water.     This  sugar  solution  is  then 


Notes 


Artificial  Feeding  33 

added  to  the  spring  water  or  boiled  hydrant  water 
in  sufficient  amount  to  make  the  quantity  called  for, 
and  mixed  with  the  milk  and  lime  water.  The  food 
now  prepared  is  apportioned  for  the  day's  feeding, 
using  as  many  bottles  as  there  are  feedings.  Non- 
absorbent  cotton  should  be  used  instead  of  corks. 

If  barley  water  or  any  other  cereal  decoction  is 
called  for,  that  must  previously  be  made  and  al- 
lowed to  cool. 

Heating  the  Milk.  During  the  hot  months  it 
is  usually  advisable  to  heat  the  milk  before  using. 
Bringing  it  to  the  boiling  point  and  maintaining  it 
at  this  temperature  for  five  minutes  is  all  that  is  re- 
quired. This  is  sufficient  to  kill  bacteria  or  what- 
ever germ  life  may  be  present;  at  the  same  time  the 
milk  is  less  liable  to  sour  in  the  event  of  the  ice  be- 
coming scanty. 

The  milk  formulas  which  are  to  follow  are  ar- 
ranged for  the  average  well  baby  and  will  answer 
for  many  infants.  There  will  be  infants,  however, 
who  will  not  thrive  on  the  formulas  given.  On  ac- 
count of  some  peculiar  or  unusual  condition  It  will 
be  necessary  to  use  special  or  unusual  methods  In 
making  the  food  suitable  for  the  child.  In  all  cases 
in  which  a  baby  does  not  thrive  a  physician  should 
be  consulted. 


Notes 


IV 

FOOD  FORMULAS  FOR  WELL  INFANTS 

In  using  cow's  milk  for  infant  feeding  the  milk  is 
allowed  to  stand  in  the  quart  bottle  on  the  ice  for 
five  hours. 

The  top  1 6  ounces  are  then  dipped  off  with  a  one 
ounce  cream  dipper.  If  a  dipper  is  not  available 
the  top  1 6  ounces  may  be  carefully  poured  out  of 
the  bottle.  The  poured  off  top  i6  ounces  is  the 
milk  used  until  the  third  month;  after  this  age  larger 
amounts  must  be  poured  or  dipped  from  the  top. 

The  following  formulas  are  suggested  for  the 
various  ages  noted: 

FROM  THE  THIRD  TO  THE  TENTH  DAY 

Milk  (top  i6  oz.)   3       ounces 

Lime-water     ^  ounce 

Milk-sugar i       ounce 

Boiled  water  i6^  ounces 

Nine   feedings   in   twenty- four   hours;    i^    to   2   ounces    at  two- 
hour  intervals  during  the  day  and  three-hour  intervals  at  night. 

FROM    THE  TENTH   TO  THE   TWENTY-FIRST  DAY 

Milk   (top  i6  oz.)    6       ounces 

Lime-water    ij^  ounces 

Milk-sugar     i  ^  ounces 

Boiled  water   i6^  ounces 

Eight  feedings  in  twenty-four  hours;  2  to  2^  ounces  at  two  and 

35 


Notes 


Food  Formulas  for  Well  Infants  37 

one-half    hour    intervals    during    the    day   and   four-hour   intervals 
at  night. 

FROM   THE  THIRD  TO  THE   SIXTH  WEEK 

Milk   (top  16  oz.)    10  ounces 

Lime-water    2  ounces 

Milk-sugar     2  ounces 

Boiled  water   20  ounces 

Seven  feedings  in  twenty-four  hours;  3  to  4  ounces  at  three-hour 
intervals  during  the  day  and  four-hour  intervals  at  night. 

FROM    THE    SIXTH   WEEK   TO    THE   THIRD    MONTH 

Milk  (top  16  oz.)    14  ounces 

Lime-water    , . .   3  ounces 

Milk-sugar     2  ounces 

Boiled  water   18  ounces 

Seven  feedings   in  twenty-four   hours;   4  to   5   ounces   at  three- 
hour  intervals  during  the  day  and  four-hour  intervals  at  night. 

FROM  THE  THIRD  TO  THE   FIFTH   MONTH 

Milk    (top   18   OZ.)    18  ounces 

Lime-water    3  ounces 

Milk-sugar   2  ounces 

Boiled    water    19  ounces 

Six    feedings    in    twenty-four    hours;    5    to    6    ounces    at    three- 
hour  intervals  during  the  day  and  a  feeding  at  lo  p.  m. 

FROM   THE   FIFTH   TO   THE   SEVENTH   MONTH 

Milk  (top  24  oz.)    ' 24  ounces 

Lime-water    3  ounces 

Milk-sugar     2  ounces 

Boiled  water 15  ounces 

Five    feedings    in    twenty-four    hours ;    6    to    7    ounces    at    four- 
hour  intervals,  the  last  feeding  at  10  p.  m. 

FROM    THE    SEVENTH    TO    THE    NINTH    MONTH 

Milk  (whole)    28  ounces 

Lime-water    3  ounces 

Milk-sugar     2  ounces 

Barley  water 14  ounces 

Five    feedings    in    twenty-four    hours;    7    to    9    ounces    at    four- 
hour  intervals,  the   last  feeding  at   10  P.  M. 


Notes 


Food  Formulas  for  Well  Infants  39 

FROM    THE    NINTH    TO    THE    TWELFTH    MONTH 

Milk    (whole)     32  ounces 

Lime-water    3  ounces 

Milk-sugar     2  ounces 

Barley  water  10  ounces 

Five  feedings  in  twenty-four  hours;  8  to  9  ounces  at  four-hour 
intervals,  the  last  feeding  at  lo  p.  m. 

Barley  water  Is  made  by  cooking  i  ounce  of 
Robinson's  or  Cereo  barley  flour  In  the  called  for  wa- 
ter for  thirty  minutes.  Boiled  water  Is  added  to  re- 
place the  amount  lost  In  boIHng.  The  barley  water 
should  not  be  hot  when  added  to  the  milk  and  lime 
water.  Milk  sugar  may  be  dissolved  In  hot  barley 
water.  Keep  the  nursing  bottles  on  the  ice  after 
they  are  filled. 

Convenient  feeding  hours  are  6,  lo,  2,  6,  lo  p.  M. 
after  5  months  of  age.  Strong  vigorous  Infants 
may  require  stronger  food  than  the  above  after  the 
tenth  month.  It  is  not  at  all  unusual  for  me  to  al- 
low such  Infants  a  tablespoonful  or  two  of  farina 
or  cream  of  wheat  jelly  (cooked  two  hours  In 
water)  before  the  10  A.  M.  and  6  P.  M.  feedings,  with 
an  ounce  or  two  of  the  milk  formula  over  It. 

Occasionally  at  this  age,  2  or  3  teaspoonfuls  of 
beef  juice  mixed  with  bread  crumbs  are  given  be^ 
fore  the  2  p.  M.  feeding.  A  piece  of  unsweetened 
zwieback  or  a  crust  of  dried  bread  may  be  given 
after  the  bottle. 

To  obtain  whole  milk  shake  the  bottle  before  use. 


Notes 


FEEDING  FROM  FIRST  TO  SIXTH 
YEAR 

After  the  twelfth  month  in  well  babies  much  freer 
feeding  is  required.  The  following  schedules  con- 
tain permissible  articles  for  the  ages  indicated  from 
which  the  mother  will  select  suitable  meals. 

FROM  THE   TWELFTH   TO   THE   FIFTEENTH    MONTH; 
FIVE   MEALS   DAILY 

7  A.  M.  Cornmeal,  barley,  rice  or  wheat  jelly, 
one  or  two  tablespoonfuls  in  8  to  lo  ounces  of  milk. 
(The  jelly  is  made  by  cooking  the  cereal  for  four 
hours  the  day  before  it  is  wanted  and  straining 
through  a  colander.)  Stale  bread  and  butter, 
zwieback  and  butter  or  wheatsworth  biscuit. 

9  A.  M.     The  juice  of  one-half  orange. 

II  A.  M.  Scraped  rare  beef,  one  to  three  tea- 
spoonfuls  mixed  with  an  equal  quantity  of  bread 
and  moistened  with  beef-juice.  Or  a  soft  boiled 
egg  mixed  with  stale  bread-crumbs;  a  piece  of  zwie- 
back, and  a  half  pint  of  milk. 

(Scraped  rare  beef  is  best  obtained  from  round 

41 


Notes 


Feeding  from  First  to  Sixth  Year  43 

steak,  cut  thick  and  broiled  over  a  brisk  fire  suffi- 
ciently to  sear  the  outside.  The  steak  is  then  split 
with  a  sharp  knife  and  the  pulp  scraped  from  the 
fiber.) 

2  130  P.  M.  Beef,  chicken  or  mutton  broth  with 
rice  or  stale  bread  broken  into  the  broth.  Six 
ounces  of  milk,  if  wanted.  Stale  bread  and  butter 
or  zwieback  and  butter.  Many  children  at  the 
above  age  will  take  and  digest  apple-sauce  and  prune 
pulp;  when  these  are  given  milk  should  be  omitted. 

6  P.  M.  Two  tablespoonfuls  of  cereal  jelly  in  8 
ounces  of  milk;  a  piece  of  zwieback.  Stale  bread 
and  butter  or  Huntley  &  Palmer  breakfast  biscuit. 

10  P.  M.  A  tablespoonful  of  cereal  jelly  in  8 
or  10  ounces  of  milk. 

from    the    fifteenth    to    the     eighteenth 
month;  four  meals  daily 

7  A.  M.  Oatmeal,  hominy,  cornmeal,  each 
cooked  four  hours  the  day  before  they  are  used. 
When  the  cooking  is  completed,  the  cereal  should 
be  of  the  consistence  of  a  thin  paste.  This  is 
strained  through  a  colander,  and  upon  cooling  will 
form  a'  mass  of  jelly-like  consistence.  Two  or 
three  tablespoonfuls  of  this  should  be  served  with 
milk  and  sugar,  or  butter  and  sugar,  or  butter  and 
salt.  Eight  to  ten  ounces  of  milk  as  a  drink.  Zwie- 
back or  toast. 


Notes 


Feeding  from  First  to  Sixth  Year  45 

9  A.  M.     The  juice  of  one  orange. 

1 1  A.  M.  A  soft  boiled  egg  mixed  with  stale 
bread-crumbs  or  baked  potato.  One  tablespoonful 
of  scraped  beef  mixed  with  stale  bread-crumbs  and 
moistened  with  beef  juice.  One  tablespoonful 
minced  white  meat  of  chicken.  Baked  potato.  A 
drink  of  milk.  Zwieback  or  bran  biscuit,  or  stale 
bread  and  butter. 

Sample  Meal.  One  tablespoonful  of  minced 
chicken  mixed  with  baked  potato.  A  drink  of  milk. 
Stale  bread  and  butter. 

2  130  p.  M.  Chicken,  beef  or  mutton  broth,  with 
rice  or  with  stale  bread  broken  into  the  broth.  Cus- 
tard, cornstarch,  or  plain  rice  pudding  junket, 
stewed  prunes,  stewed  apple.  Bran  biscuit  and  but- 
ter or  stale  bread  and  butter,  wheatsworth  biscuit. 

6  p.  M.  Farina,  cream  of  wheat,  wheatena  (each 
cooked  two  hours).  Give  from  one  to  three  table- 
spoonfuls,  served  with  milk  and  sugar,  or  butter  and 
sugar,  or  butter  and  salt.  Drink  of  milk.  Zwie- 
back or  stale  bread  and  butter. 

FROM   THE    EIGHTEENTH    TO   THE    TWENTY-FOURTH 
month;    four   MEALS   DAILY 

7  A.  M.  Cornmeal,  oatmeal,  hominy  (prepared 
as  in  the  above  schedule).  Serve  with  butter  and 
sugar,  or  milk  and  sugar  or  butter  and  salt.  A 
soft-boiled  egg  every  two  or  three  days.     Minced 


Notes 


Feeding  from  First  to  Sixth  Year  47 

chicken  on  toast  occasionally.  A  drink  of  milk. 
Bran  biscuit  and  butter  or  stale  bread  and  butter. 

When  Qgg  or  minced  chicken  are  given,  cereal 
may  be  omitted  or  a  small  portion  of  cereal  may  be 
used. 

9  A.  M.     The  juice  of  orange. 

II  A.M.  Rare  beef,  minced  or  scraped;  the 
heart  of  a  lamb  chop  finely  cut.  Minced  chicken. 
Baked  potato.  Spinach,  asparagus,  squash,  strained 
stewed  tomatoes,  stewed  carrots,  mashed  cauli- 
flower. Baked  apple,  or  apple-sauce.  Stewed 
prunes.     Stale  bread  and  butter. 

Sample  Dinner.  Lamb  chop,  baked  potato. 
Stewed  carrots,  baked  apple.  Stale  bread  and  but- 
ter. 

After  the  twenty-first  month  well-cooked  string 
beans  may  be  given. 

2  130  P.  M.  Chicken,  beef  or  mutton  broth  with 
rice  or  with  stale  bread  broken  into  the  broth.  Cus- 
tard, cornstarch,  plain  rice  pudding,  or  junket.  Bran 
biscuit  and  butter  or  stale  bread  and  butter. 

6  P.  M.  Farina  or  cream  of  wheat  (each  cooked 
two  hours).  Give  from  one  to  three  tablespoon- 
fuls,  served  with  milk  and  sugar  or  butter  and  sugar 
or  butter  and  salt.  Drink  of  milk  or  malted  milk 
or  weak  cocoa.  Zwieback  or  stale  bread  and  but- 
ter.    Bennett's  Wheatsworth  Biscuit. 

After  the  eighteenth  month  a  large  number  of 


Notes 


Feeding  from  First  to  Sixth   Year  49 

children  will  have  a  better  appetite  and  thrive  more 
satisfactorily  on  three  full  meals  a  day.  The 
breakfast  is  advised  at  7  130  A.  M.  and  the  dinner  at 
12  o'clock,  and  the  supper  at  5  130  p.  M.  At  3  P.  M. 
or  3  130  p.  M.  a  cup  of  broth  and  a  cracker  or  toast  or 
a  drink  of  milk  may  be  given  if  it  does  not  take  away 
the  appetite  for  the  evening  meal. 

FROM    THE    SECOND    TO    THE    THIRD    YEAR;    THREE 

MEALS  DAILY  . 

Breakfast:  7  to  8  o'clock.  Oatmeal,  hominy, 
cracked  v/heat  (each  cooked  four  hours  the  day  be- 
fore they  are  used) ,  served  with  milk  and  sugar  or 
butter  and  sugar.  A  soft-boiled  egg,  hashed 
chicken.  Stale  bread  and  butter.  Bran  biscuit  and 
butter.     A  drink  of  milk. 

At  10  A.  M.  the  juice  of  one  orange  may  be  given. 

Dinner:  12  o'clock.  Strained  soups  and  broths, 
rare  beefsteak,  rare  roast  beef,  poultry,  fish.  Baked 
potato,  peas,  string  beans,  squash,  mashed  cauli- 
flower, mashed  peas,  strained  stewed  tomatoes, 
stewed  carrots,  spinach,  asparagus  tips.  Bread  and 
butter.  For  dessert:  Plain  rice  pudding,  plain 
bread  pudding,  stewed  prunes,  baked  or  stewed  ap- 
ple, junket,  custard  or  cornstarch. 

Supper:  5:30  to  6  o'clock.  Farina,  cream  of 
wheat,  wheatena  (each  cooked  two  hours).  Give 
from  one  to  three  tablespoonfuls  served  with  milk 


Notes 


Feeding  from  First  to  Sixth  Year  51 

and  sugar  or  butter  and  sugar  or  butter  and  salt. 
Drink  of  milk.  Zwieback  or  stale  bread  and  butter, 
wheatsworth  biscuit.  Twice  a  week  custard,  corn- 
starch or  junket  may  be  given.  Occasionally  malted 
milk  or  weak  cocoa. 

With  very  few  exceptions  three  meals  are  best 
at  this  period.  With  three  meals  a  child  has  a  bet- 
ter appetite  and  much  better  digestion,  and  conse- 
quently thrives  far  better  than  one  whose  stomach  is 
kept  constantly  at  work.  Some  children,  however, 
will  require  a  luncheon  at  3  or  3  130  P.  M.  and  will 
not  do  well  without  it.  This  is  apt  to  be  the  case 
with  delicate  children,  particularly  those  under  two 
and  one-half  years  of  age.  If  food  is  necessary 
at  this  hour,  a  glass  of  milk  and  a  wheatsworth  bis- 
cuit or  a  cup  of  broth  and  zwieback  will  answer 
every  purpose.  Instead  of  the  afternoon  meal,  the 
child  may  relish  a  scraped  raw  apple,  or  a  pear. 
Fruit  at  this  time  is  particularly  to  be  advised  if 
there  is  constipation.  Children  recovering  from 
serious  illness  will  require  more  frequent  feeding. 

FROM  THE  THIRD  TO  THE  SIXTH  YEAR 

Breakfast:  Cracked  wheat,  cornmeal,  hominy, 
oatmeal  (each  cooked  three  hours  the  day  before 
they  are  used) .  These  may  be  served  with  milk 
and  sugar,  or  butter  and  sugar  or  butter  and  salt. 


Notes 


Feeding  from  First  to  Sixth  Year  53 

A  soft-boiled  egg,  scrambled  tgg.     Bread  and  but- 
ter, bran  biscuit  and  butter.     A  glass  of  milk. 

Dinner:  Plain  soups,  rare  roast  beef,  beefsteak, 
poultry,  fish.  Potatoes,  stewed  with  milk  or  baked. 
Peas,  string  beans,  strained  stewed  tomatoes,  stewed 
carrots,  squash,  white  turnip,  boiled  onions,  mashed 
cauliflower,  spinach,  asparagus  tips,  bread  and  but- 
ter. For  dessert:  Rice  pudding,  plain  bread  pud- 
ding, custard,  tapioca  pudding,  stewed  prunes, 
stewed  apple,  baked  apple,  raw  apple,  pears  and 
cherries.     Bread  and  butter. 

Supper:  Farina,  cream  of  wheat  (each  cooked 
two  hours).  Give  from  two  to  three  tablespoon- 
fuls,  served  with  milk  and  sugar,  or  butter  and 
sugar  or  butter  and  salt.  Zwieback  or  stale  bread 
and  butter.  Bread  and  milk.  Milk-toast.  Scram- 
bled eggs  twice  a  week.  Custard,  or  cornstarch. 
Bread  and  butter,  wheatsworth  biscuit.  A  glass  of 
milk  or  malted  milk  or  cocoa. 

When  the  child  has  eggs  for  breakfast,  they 
should  not  be  repeated  in  any  form  for  supper. 
Red  meat  should  be  given  but  three  times  a  week. 
When  the  child  has  a  chop  for  breakfast,  he  should 
have  poultry  or  fish  for  dinner.  At  this  age  of 
great  activity  and  rapid  growth  the  child  will  often 
demand  food  between  dinner  and  supper.  Care- 
fully selected  fruit,  such  as  an  apple,  a  pear  or  a 


Notes 


Feeding  from  First  to  Sixth  Year  55 

peach,  may  be  given  at  this  time,  supplemented  by 
a  wheatsworth  biscuit  or  two,  or  by  stale  bread  and 
butter,  if  it  is  found  that  their  use  does  not  interfere 
with  the  evening  meal. 


Notes 


VI 
DIET  AFTER  THE  SIXTH  YEAR 

When  the  normal  child  has  passed  the  sixth  year 
the  diet  may  be  considerably  expanded,  approximat- 
ing to  that  of  the  adult  in  variety;  certain  restric- 
tions, however,  are  to  be  borne  in  mind.  Fried 
foods  should  not  be  given;  highly  seasoned  dishes, 
such  as  pie,  rich  puddings,  gravies,  and  sauces  are 
to  be  avoided.  Salad  with  plain  dressing  may  now 
be  given.  Wine  and  beer,  coffee,  and  tea  should 
never  be  given  to  children  as  a  beverage. 

Cooking  of  Vegetables.  A  point  to  be  kept  in 
mind  in  feeding  children  of  this  age,  as  well  as  those 
who  are  younger,  is  the  proper  cooking  of  vege- 
tables. Everything  in  the  line  of  green  vegetables 
should  be  cooked  until  it  can  readily  be  mashed  with 
a  fork. 

Vegetables  should  be  cooked  over  a  hot  fire  with- 
out a  cover  on  the  vessel  used.  They  must  not  be 
allowed  to  stand  in  the  water  after  the  cooking  is 
completed. 

The  Use  of  Sugar.     Endeavor  to  use  sugar  scant- 

57 


Notes 


Diet  After  the  Sixth   Year  59 

ily,  using  only  enough  in  puddings  and  stewed  fruits 
to  make  them  palatable.  The  sugar  habit  is  readily 
acquired  and  is  often  of  much  harm.  Cereals 
should  always  be  cooked  in  water  never  in  milk. 


Notes 


VII 

DENTITION 

Cutting  of  the  teeth  In  well  Infants  causes  very 
little  disturbance.  The  child  may  be  restless  for  a 
few  days,  he  keeps  his  fingers  in  his  mouth  and  per- 
haps has  a  slight  fever.  If  the  usual  food  is  con- 
tinued, vomiting  and  diarrhea  may  be  the  outcome. 
It  is  better  to  reduce  the  diet  by  diluting  the  milk 
one-half  with  water  and  giving  broths  and  gruels 
for  a  few  days  until  the  tooth  is  through  the  gum. 
If  the  stools  are  green  and  undigested,  one  or  two 
teaspoonfuls  of  castor  oil  should  be  given. 

THE    TEETH 

There  are  twenty  teeth  in  the  first  or  temporary 
set.  The  first  teeth,  the  lower  middle  incisors  usu- 
ally appear  between  the  sixth  to  eighth  month.  The 
two  upper  middle  Incisors  appear  next.  Then  the 
two  upper  lateral  Incisors  and  following  these  come 
the  two  lower  lateral  Incisors.  The  first  molars 
are  cut  between  the  twelfth  and  fifteenth  month. 
The   eye   and  stomach  teeth  are   cut  between   the 

6i 


Notes 


Dentition  63 

eighteenth  and  twenty-fourth  month.  The  last  four 
molars  are  cut  between  the  twenty-fourth  and  the 
thirtieth  month. 

The  Permanent  Set.  There  are  thirty-two  teeth 
in  the  permanent  set.  The  temporary  teeth  begin  to 
fall  out  at  about  the  sixth  year  and  the  permanent 
teeth  begin  to  appear. 

Care  of  the  Teeth.  For  the  first  two  years  of 
life  the  mouth  should  be  washed  twice  daily  with  a 
solution  of  boracic  acid,  one  tablespoonful  to  the 
pint  of  water.  This  is  best  done  by  wrapping  ab- 
sorbent cotton  around  the  index  finger  and  dipping 
it  into  the  solution  when  it  may  be  applied  with 
gentle  friction  to  the  gums  and  teeth. 

After  the  second  year  a  soft  tooth  brush  and  any 
simple  tooth  paste  or  powder  may  be  brought  into 
use  and  used  in  the  morning  and  before  retiring  in  the 
evening. 


Notes 


VIII 
AILMENTS 

SUDDEN  ATTACKS  OF  VOMITING 

Acute  vomiting  may  be  a  symptom  of  different 
disorders.  It  may  mean  that  there  is  simply  an 
acute  indigestion,  the  result  of  an  over-loaded  stom- 
ach or  the  use  of  some  food  substance  which  the 
baby  should  not  have  had,  or  it  may  mean  the  onset 
of  an  illness  such  as  scarlet  fever  or  pneumonia. 

After  an  acute  attack  of  vomiting,  give  no  food 
for  a  few  hours.  Sips  of  water  may  do  no  harm. 
For  the  remainder  of  the  day  only  barley  water 
(page  105)  or  rice  water  (page  105)  should  be 
given.  If  there  is  fever  or  if  the  vomiting  continues 
a  physician  should  always  be  called.  It  is  always  well 
to  give  some  laxative  after  an  attack  of  vomiting. 
Castor  oil  usually  will  not  be  well  retained  and  milk 
of  magnesia  may  be  substituted.  The  dose  should 
produce  a  laxative  effect  and  be  from  one  to  three 
teaspoonfuls. 

Persistent  or  Chronic  Vomiting;  Habitual  Re- 
gurgitation. There  are  many  infants  who  vomit 
or  regurgitate  a  portion  of  their  food  every  day. 
In  some  there  is  pronounced  vomiting;  in  others 

65 


Notes 


Ailments  67 

what  the  mother  calls  "  spitting  up."  This  always 
means  indigestion  at  first  and  later  it  becomes  some- 
Avhat  of  a  habit. 

The  bringing  up  of  the  food  Is  usually  due  to  too 
strong  a  milk  mixture  given  at  too  frequent  intervals, 
or  perfectly  satisfactory  food  given  too  frequently, 
or  milk  too  rich  in  fat  or  containing  too  much  sugar. 

Babies  who  habitually  vomit  or  regurgitate  should 
be  given  shaken  up  milk  (not  the  top  removed)  with 
barley  water  as  a  diluent,  omitting  the  sugar.  A 
ten-grain  tablet  of  bicarbonate  of  soda  added  to  the 
daily  food  allowance  after  the  food  is  prepared  will 
often  be  of  much  aid.  Further,  make  the  interval 
between  the  feedings  an  hour  longer,  Increasing 
after  a  few  days,  the  amount  given  at  each  time, 
one-half  to  one  ounce,  to  make  up  for  the  amount 
lost  by  the  less  frequent  feedings. 

DIARRHEA 

DIrrrhea  Is  always  dangerous  at  any  season  of 
the  year  and  should  receive  medical  attention.  In 
the  event  of  a  sudden  attack,  give  one  to  two  tea- 
spoonfuls  of  castor  oil,  stop  the  milk  feeding  and 
give  barley  water  (page  105). 

The  barley  water  may  be  given  In  the  same  quan- 
tity as  the  milk  mixture.  This  feeding  should  be 
continued  until  a  physician  Is  consulted. 

Constipation,     Owing  to  causes  which  need  not 


Notes 


Ailments  69 

be  discussed  here  constipation  is  one  of  the  most  fre- 
quent ailments  of  early  life.  Every  infant,  run- 
about child  or  adult  should  have  at  least  one  free 
evacuation  of  the  bowels  daily.  In  infants,  two 
stools  daily  are  better  than  one.  A  child  should 
never  be  put  to  bed  without  having  had  an  evacua- 
tion during  the  day. 

In  the  breast-fed,  constipation  Is  not  often 
troublesome.  Constipation  In  the  mother  may  be  a 
cause  and  should  be  remedied  through  suitable  diet 
for  the  mother,  such  as  raw  fruit  and  green  vege- 
tables, with  little  or  no  tea.  For  the  baby,  oHve  oil, 
two  or  three  or  more  teaspoonfuls  daily  usually  an- 
swers the  purpose.  Milk  of  magnesia  Is  a  simple 
and  harmless  means  of  relieving  constipation  In 
Infants;  from  ten  drops  to  a  teaspoonful  of  milk  of 
magnesia  may  be  given. 

In  the  bottle-fed:  Instead  of  milk  sugar,  use 
cane  sugar  or  malt  sugar  (dextrl-maltose).  In  pre- 
paring the  milk,  lime  water  should  be  omitted,  and 
milk  of  magnesia,  one-half  to  two  teaspoonfuls  added 
to  the  entire  formula  after  It  Is  completed.  Olive 
oil  may  also  be  given,  one  to  two  teaspoonfuls  two 
or  three  times  a  day. 

Constipation  in  Older  Children.  In  constipation 
in  older  children  the  establishment  of  the  habit  of  an 
evacuation  at  a  certain  time  each  day  Is  of  value. 
The  best  time  is  after  breakfast;  for  a  few  days  only, 


Notes 


Ailments  71 

a  suppository  or  an  enema  of  warm  soap  water  may 
be  used.  This  will  help  to  establish  a  regular 
movement  of  the  bowels  at  that  time. 

The  Diet,  Many  children  suffering  from  consti- 
pation will  be  entirely  relieved  by  diet.  To  be 
avoided  are  dried  bread,  toast  and  zwieback.  Po- 
tato may  be  given  twice  a  week.  Milk  should  not 
be  given  in  large  amount;  12  to  16  ounces  of  milk 
daily  is  sufficient.  Malted  milk  is  laxative  to  most 
children  and  may  be  used  once  daily  replacing  cow's 
milk.  Stewed  fruits  should  be  given  freely.  Raw 
fruits  such  as  apple,  pear,  grapes  and  banana  may 
be  given.  Between  three  and  four  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon  is  the  best  time  to  use  raw  fruits  for  con- 
stipation. When  potato  is  not  given,  two  green 
vegetables  may  be  used  for  the  midday  meal.  As 
bread  stuffs,  whole  wheat  bread,  wheatsworth  bis- 
cuit will  be  found  valuable.  In  addition  to  the  above, 
olive  oil,  one  to  two  tablespoonfuls  daily  or  liquid 
albolene  (aromatic)  in  like  amount  may  be  used. 

Like  the  younger  child  the  runabout  child  should 
never  retire  for  the  night  without  an  evacuation  hav- 
ing taken  place  during  the  day. 

WORMS 

There  are  three  varieties  of  worms  commonly 
seen  in  children:  the  large  round  worm,  the  thread 
worm  and  the  tape  worm. 


Notes 


Ailments  73 

The  Round  Worm.  Children  under  two  years 
of  age  are  rarely  troubled  with  the  round  worm. 
The  round  worm  is  from  five  to  eight  inches  in 
length  and  resembles  the  common  earth  worm. 

The  most  usual  symptoms  of  round  worms  are 
diarrhea  alternating  more  or  less  with  constipation 
and  stomach  ache.  There  may  be  loss  of  appe- 
tite or  the  child  may  be  very  hungry.  Usually  the 
presence  of  a  worm  passed  in  the  stool  gives  the 
first  knowledge  of  its  presence. 

The  Thread  Worm.  The  thread  worms  inhabit 
the  rectum  and  the  lower  portion  of  the  large  in- 
testine»  They  are  like  little  pieces  of  white  thread 
one-fourth  to  one-half  inch  in  length.  They  cause 
a  great  deal  of  local  itching  and  irritation,  par- 
ticularly at  night. 

The  Tape  Worm.  Tape  worms  in  children  are 
not  often  seen  in  this  country.  The  child  with  a 
tape  worm  may  show  no  symptoms  whatever  or 
may  have  a  great  deal  of  abdominal  discomfort. 
Sometimes  there  will  be  sharp  attacks  of  diarrhea. 
Pieces  of  the  worm  are  usually  discharged  which 
resemble  pieces  of  flat  white  tape. 

Worms  can  not  be  treated  by  the  family.  The 
medicine  used  and  the  local  measures  necessary  must 
be  under  the  Immediate  direction  of  a  physician. 
Worm  medicine  and  worm  candy  advertised  In  the 
press  and  sold  In  drug  stores  should  not  be  used. 


Notes 


Ailments  75 

GERMS 

What  need  has  the  mother  to  know  about  germs  ? 
She,  of  all  persons  should  know  because  nearly  all 
the  illnesses  of  infant  and  child  life  are  due  to  in- 
visible bodies,  some  so  tiny  that  the  most  powerful 
microscope  fails  to  detect  them. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  some  of  the  diseases 
which  have  been  proven  due  to  germs  or  bacteria : 

Consumption  (Tuberculosis), 

Meningitis, 

Cholera, 

Typhoid  fever. 

Infantile  paralysis, 

Diphtheria, 

Whooping  cough. 

Cholera  Infantum, 

Dysentery, 

Summer  diarrhea. 

Grippe, 

Pneumonia, 

Bronchitis. 

Scarlet  fever,  small-pox,  measles,  mumps,  chicken 
pox  and  others  are  of  germ  origin,  but  the  particular 
germ  causing  each  disease  has  not  been  proven. 

Boiling,  sterilizing  and  the  use  of  soap  and  hot 


Notes 


Ailments  77 

water  for  scrubbing  purposes  together  with  sunlight 
and  fresh  air  and  the  destruction  of  flies,  mosqui- 
toes and  other  insects  are  the  great  means  of  com- 
bating germ  life. 


Notes 


IX 

FIRST  AID  TO  THE  BABY 

Cuts.  Keep  fingers,  water,  clothing,  dust  —  every- 
thing away  from  the  wound.  Mix  one  teaspoon- 
ful  of  tincture  of  iodine  with  the  same  quantity 
of  alcohol,  and  paint  this  solution  on  the  skin 
about  the  wound,  from  the  very  edges  of  the  wound 
to  at  least  two  inches  away  on  all  sides,  provided 
of  course  that  the  part  injured  will  permit  of  this 
wide  application.  Then  apply  a  freshly  ironed 
piece  of  linen  and  a  bandage.  This  dressing  must 
be  kept  in  place. 

Bruises  and  Bumps,  Apply  cloth  wrung  out  in 
cold  water.     Change  frequently. 

Sprains,  Wrap  a  bandage  around  the  part  and 
keep  wet  with  cold  water  in  frequent  application. 
If  the  injured  part  is  a  lower  extremity,  keep  it 
elevated  on  a  plane  with  the  body. 

Cuts,  bruises  and  sprains  of  consequence  require 
the  early  attention  of  the  family  physician. 

Burns.  If  the  skin  Is  merely  reddened,  apply 
vaseline  or  sweet  oil  on  clean  linen.     If  the  skin  is 

79 


Notes 


First  Aid  to  the  Baby  8i 

blistered  or  charred,  do  not  apply  any  oily  sub- 
stance. Sprinkle  boric  acid  powder  over  the  parts 
and  cover  with  clean  linen  until  the  physician  arrives. 

Bites  of  Animals.  Bites  of  animals  are  rarely 
serious.  Hundreds  of  individuals  are  bitten  by 
dogs  and  cats  every  year  without  other  harm  than 
that  of  the  wound  inflicted.  Apply  at  once  on  old 
linen  a  solution  of  one  teaspoonful  of  carbolic  acid 
in  one  pint  of  water  or  one  ounce  of  boracic  acid 
in  one  pint  of  water.  Keep  this  dressing  wet  on  the 
wound  until  a  physician  is  seen. 

Bites  of  Insects.  Bites  of  insects  may  be  danger- 
ous. Mosquitoes  can  transmit  malaria  and  yellow 
fever.  It  is  generally  believed  that  the  stable  fly 
may  transmit  infantile  paralysis.  Insect  bites  al- 
though innocent  of  great  harm,  cause  a  great  deal  of 
discomfort  through  itching  and  temporarily  disfigure 
the  child.  Frequent  applications  of  Witch  Hazel 
are  helpful  in  relieving  the  patient. 

Fever.  The  onset  of  sudden  fever  is  to  be  met 
by  a  dose  of  castor  oil,  one  to  two  teaspoonfuls, 
an  enema  (page  89)  if  there  has  been  constipation 
and  a  sponge  bath  (page  19)  with  cool  water.  The 
sponging  may  be  continued  for  fifteen  to  twenty 
minutes. 

Colic.  An  attack  of  colic  is  best  relieved  by  an 
enema  (page  89)  by  giving  sips  or  teaspoonful 
doses  of  quite  hot  water.     A  soda  mint  tablet  dis- 


Notes 


First  Aid  to  the  Baby  83 

solved  in  one  ounce  of  hot  water  and  given  in  tea- 
spoonful  doses  every  five  minutes  will  relieve  many 
cases.  The  food  should  be  temporarily  discon- 
tinued and  water  given.  If  the  child  has  colic  ha- 
bitually it  means  that  the  food  given  needs  the  at- 
tention of  a  physician. 

Convulsions.  While  awaiting  the  physician  place 
the  baby  in  a  warm  bath  and  rub  the  body  vigorously 
while  in  the  bath.  If  mustard  is  at  hand  add  two 
teaspoonfuls  to  the  water  used.  The  great  majority 
of  convulsions  are  due  to  indigestion  and  constipation. 
Give  the  baby  an  enema  as  soon  as  possible,  perhaps 
while  in  the  bath.  As  soon  as  the  baby  can  swallow 
give  two  teaspoonfuls  of  castor  oil.  For  a  few  days 
following,  a  greatly  reduced  diet  should  be  given. 

Earache,  ist.  Drop  warmed  sweet  oil  into  the 
ear.  Test  your  own  ear  first  to  insure  its  not  being 
too  hot. 

2nd.  Rest  the  affected  side  on  a  hot  water  bag. 

3rd.  Syringe  the  ear  (page  89)  with  water  at 
110°  F.  If  a  thermometer  is  not  at  hand  have  the 
water  quite  v/arm  and  test  the  heat  of  the  water  in 
your  own  ear  before  using. 

Nose-bleed.  The  child  should  sit  erect,  not  He 
down.  The  nose  should  be  firmly  compressed  be- 
tween the  thumb  and  finger  for  several  minutes. 
The  tips  of  the  thumb  and  finger  should  touch  the 
lower  portion  of  the  nasal  bones.     After  the  bleed- 


Notes 


First  Aid  to  the  Baby  85 

ing  IS  controlled  in  this  way,  a  small  piece  of  ice 
should  be  wrapped  in  a  handkerchief  and  held 
against  the  affected  side.  Repeated  hemorrhage 
usually  means  that  an  ulcer  is  present  in  the  nostrils 
and  needs  active  treatment. 

Foreign  Bodies  Swallowed.  Foreign  bodies 
swallowed  by  infants  and  young  children  rarely 
cause  harm.  Do  not  give  a  laxative.  Give  starchy 
substances  such  as  oatmeal,  potato,  cornmeal  mush, 
substances  which  may  form  a  semi-solid  mass  in  the 
intestine  in  which  the  object  swallowed  may  become 
imbedded  and  carried  forward. 

Foreign  Bodies  in  Nose  and  Ear,  A  foreign 
body  in  either  nostril  may  sometimes  be  removed  by 
making  pressure  over  the  unobstructed  nostril  and 
then  directing  the  child  to  blow  the  nose  vigorously. 

Substances  not  thus  removed  as  well  as  foreign  bod- 
ies in  the  ear  should  only  be  removed  by  a  physician. 

Prickly  Heat.  Prickly  heat  Is  best  treated  by 
sponge  baths  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  one  tables 
spoonful  to  two  quarts  of  water.  Do  not  rub  the 
skin  in  drying.  Several  times  a  day  dust  the  skin 
thoroughly  with  a  powder  composed  of  equal  parts 
of  powdered  starch  and  oxide  of  zinc,  obtained  at 
the  druggist's.  Children  with  prickly  heat  should 
wear  thin  gauze  or  linen  underwear.  Wool  should 
not  be  worn. 

Croup.     There  are  two  kinds  of  croup,  catarrhal 


Notes 


First  Aid  to  the  Baby  87 

or  spasmodic  and  diphtheritic  or  membranous  croup. 

Croup  always  calls  for  the  immediate  attention  of 
a  physician.  While  waiting  for  the  doctor,  give  the 
patient  a  teaspoonful  of  Syrup  of  Ipecac  to  be  re- 
peated In  15  minutes,  If  vomiting  does  not  occur. 
The  child  is  much  relieved  by  vomiting,  If  the  case  Is 
one  of  spasmodic  croup.  Steam  inhalation  from  a 
croup  kettle  or  a  tea-kettle  are  of  much  service. 
Care  must  be  exercised  not  to  burn  the  child. 

Sore  Throat.  A  mother  must  never  attempt  to 
treat  a  sore  throat  In  a  child.  Diphtheria  usually 
begins  with  low  fever  and  a  slight  sore  throat.  A 
physician  should  be  called  In  every  case  of  sore 
throat  In  a  child,  I  could  give  many  instances  in 
which  children  have  died  with  diphtheria  because  of 
neglected  "  home  treated  "  sore  throat. 

The  Swallowing  of  Poisons,  Unfortunately  chil- 
dren are  sometimes  given  the  wrong  medicine  or 
given  some  poisonous  substance  Instead  of  the  medi- 
cine intended.  I  have  known  children  to  swallow 
poisonous  tablets  and  pills  Intended  for  adults. 
Under  such  circumstances  the  child  should  always  be 
made  to  vomit.  This  can  be  done  by  "  gagging  " 
the  child  through  forcing  the  clean  Index  finger  low 
in  throat.  If  Syrup  of  Ipecac  Is  at  hand  two  tea- 
spoonfuls  may  be  given  which  will  be  sufficient  to 
produce  active  vomiting.  The  physician  must  be 
called  at  once  In  all  cases  of  poisoning. 


Notes 


X 

GENERAL  INSTRUCTIONS 

HOW  TO  GIVE  AN  ENEMA 

Make  a  suds  of  water  and  castile  soap.  Pour 
one  pint  water  Into  the  bag  of  a  fountain  syringe. 
Introduce  the  black  rubber  tip  Into  the  anus.  Raise 
the  bag  two  feet  above  the  child's  head  and  allow 
the  water  In  part  or  entire  to  pass  into  the  intestine. 

HOW  TO    cleanse   THE   EYES 

Dip  clean  absorbent  cotton  In  boracic  acid  solu- 
tion, teaspoonful  to  one  glass  of  water  (dissolved 
with  hot  water)  ;  the  solution  may  be  used  cool  or 
luke  warm.  Use  a  fresh  piece  of  cotton  for  each 
eye. 

HOW    TO    CLEANSE    THE    BABY'S    NOSE 

Wrap  loosely  a  bit  of  absorbent  cotton  on  a 
wooden  toothpick.  Dip  the  cotton  in  vaseline  and 
with  the  baby's  head  held  firmly  introduce  the  cotton 
into  the  nostrils  and  through  very  gentle  manipula- 
tion, remove  the  crusts  and  secretions  that  may  have 
formed  there.     Use  fresh  cotton  for  each  nostril. 

89 


Notes 


General  Instructions  91 

HOW  TO  SYRINGE  THE  EARS 

Necessary  articles:  A  two  quart  fountain  syr- 
inge and  a  small  basin. 

The  child  should  be  wrapped  in  a  sheet  with  the 
arms  bound  to  the  side.  He  should  rest  on  his  back 
on  the  bed  or  couch.  The  basin  protected  by  a 
towel  is  placed  under  the  ear.  Into  the  bag  of  the 
syringe  Is  poured  the  solution  to  be  used  for  the 
douching.  The  bag  is  held  three  feet  above  the 
child's  head.  The  small  black  rubber  tip  is  held 
about  one-fourth  inch  from  the  orifice  of  the  ear 
canal  and  the  solution  allowed  to  flow.  The  ear 
should  be  drawn  slightly  backward  as  this  straightens 
the  canal  and  allows  of  a  freer  flow  of  water. 


Notes 


XI 
GENERAL  CONSIDERATIONS 

WEIGHT 

It  is  a  part  of  baby's  business  to  gain  in  weight 
and  this  is  something  that  all  well  babies  eventually 
must  do.  A  definite  weekly  gain,  however,  is  not 
necessary.  Perfectly  well  babies  will  sometimes  fail 
to  gain  for  a  month.  During  the  hot  weather,  many 
infants  make  little  or  no  gain  but  make  up  for  it  in 
the  autumn. 

Loss  in  weight  even  if  slight  but  continuous 
should  not  be  permitted  and  such  infants  or  young 
children  should  be  in  the  care  of  a  physician. 

The  well  baby  should  gain  from  four  to  six 
ounces  weekly. 

The  weights  of  the  average  child  at  different  ages 
are  as  follows: 

At  birth,  7  pounds,  8  ounces. 

At  6  months,   15  pounds,   8  ounces. 

At  9  months,  18  pounds. 

At  I  year,  20  pounds. 

At  2  years,  27  pounds. 

93 


Notes 


General  Considerations  95 

At  3  years,  31  pounds. 
At  4  years,  35  pounds. 
At  5  years,  41  pounds. 

VACCINATION 

Vaccination  against  smallpox  Is  very  necessary. 
The  best  time  for  vaccination  Is  from  the  third  to  the 
fifth  month.  After  the  vaccination  the  sore  should 
be  protected  by  a  sterile  bandage  or  old  linen  which 
has  been  boiled  and  dried. 

Ignorant  people  may  try  to  influence  the  mother 
against  vaccination.  The  advisability  of  vaccination 
has  been  proven  many  times  in  different  countries. 

THE  BABY  BASKET 

A  convenient  means  of  caring  for  a  young  baby 
while  the  mother  is  at  work  Is  In  the  use  of  an  or- 
dinary clothes-basket.  The  baby  rests  on  a  pillow  or 
blanket  and  may  be  moved  about  with  but  little 
trouble. 

KISSING  THE  BABY 

Never  kiss  a  baby  on  its  mouth  or  allow  your 
friend  to  do  it.  Kissing  the  baby  on  the  hands  is  al- 
most as  bad  for  the  baby's  hand  soon  finds  its  way 
to  his  mouth.  The  common  head  cold,  grippe,  diph- 
theria, tuberculosis  and  other  diseases  very  serious 
in  nature  may  be  transmitted  to  a  child  through  kiss- 
ing. 


Notes 


General  Considerations  97 

FLIES  AND  MOSQUITOES 

Flies  are  a  source  of  much  greater  danger  than  is 
usually  appreciated  and  every  effort  should  be  made 
to  destroy  them.  Through  the  means  of  the  feet  and 
legs  of  the  fly,  deadly  disease  germs  may  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  baby's  food  or  feeding  utensils.  Tu- 
berculosis, typhoid  fever,  diphtheria,  infantile  pa- 
ralysis, summer  diarrhea  and  many  other  diseases 
may  be  contracted  through  the  agency  of  flies. 

Malaria  and  yellow  fever  are  transmitted  through 
the  mosquitoes. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  both  flies  and  mosquitoes 
are  very  dangerous  and  should  not  be  allowed  to 
come  in  contact  with  the  baby  or  the  food  or  feeding 
utensils. 

A  mosquito  netting  should  be  used  to  cover  the 
crib  and  baby  carriage. 

HABITS 

Good  and  bad  habits  are  very  readily  acquired 
by  infants  and  young  children. 

Good  habits  consist  in  the  child  taking  his  food  at 
regular  intervals,  in  sleeping  at  the  appointed  times, 
in  resting  quietly  and  amusing  himself  when 
awake. 

Bad  habits  consist  in  demanding  food  between 
the  regular  feeding  hours,  in  sleeping  poorly  at  in- 


Notes 


General  Considerations  99 

definite  times,  in  requiring  constant  attention  when 
awake. 

Sucking  the  thumb  and  finger  and  the  use  of  a 
pacifier  are  bad  habits,  displacing  the  teeth,  deform- 
ing the  jaws  and  face.  The  use  of  the  "  hand-i-hold 
mit  "  obtained  in  most  drug  stores  Is  a  safe  means  of 
breaking  the  thumb-sucking  and  pacifier  habit. 
Some  children  develop  the  habit  of  eating  the  wool 
from  their  blankets ;  others  will  place  foreign  bodies 
in  the  nose  and  ears. 

Both  boys  and  girls  readily  acquire  the  habit  of 
manipulating  the  genitals  with  their  hands  or  rub- 
bing the  legs  together.  This  is  a  particularly  vi- 
cious habit  and  requires  immediate  correction. 

The  prompt  correction  of  all  bad  habits  is  very 
important.  By  keeping  the  genitals  clean,  masturba- 
tion is  less  liable  to  occur.  In  the  use  of  proper 
clothing,  right  observation  and  discipline  bad  habits 
are  readily  corrected.  In  most  cases  the  advice  of 
the  family  physician  will  be  necessary. 


Notes 


XII 
DON'TS 

Do  not  kiss  the  baby  or  allow  your  friends  to  do  so. 

Do  not  give  soothing  syrups  or  paregoric. 

Do  not  give  proprietary  cough  medicines. 

Do  not  fail  to  secure  the  best  milk  you  can  afford 
to  buy. 

Do  not  allow  flies  to  rest  on  feeding  bottle  or  nip- 
ple. 

Do  not  fail  to  wash  the  hands  before  preparmg  the 
food. 

Do  not  neglect  to  properly  cleanse  the  bottle  and 
nipple. 

Do  not  allow  the  milk  bottle  to  remain  uncovered 
or  off  the  ice. 

Do  not  fail  to  keep  the  food  on  the  Ice  after  It  is 
prepared. 

Do  not  feed  the  baby  at  Irregular  Intervals. 

Do  not  fail  to  change  the  napkin  as  soon  as  it  Is 
soiled. 

Do  not  fail  to  protect  the  baby  from  flies  and  mos- 
quitoes by  suitable  mosquito  netting. 

Do  not  give  the  baby  a  pacifier. 

lOI 


Notes 


Donets  103 

Do  not  allow  the  baby  to  go  one  day  without  a 
bowel  movement. 

Do  not  neglect  the  daily  care  of  the  mouth. 

Do  not  excite  the  baby  during  or  immediately  after 
feeding. 

Do  not  raise  the  baby  without  supporting  the  back. 

Do  not  neglect  to  powder  all  folds  of  the  skin. 

Do  not  neglect  to  keep  the  ice-box  clean  and  filled 
with  ice. 


Notes 


XIII 

FORMULAS 

Barley  Water.  One  heaping  tablespoonful  of 
Robinson's  or  Cereo  barley  to  one  pint  of  water. 
Cook  30  minutes  and  add  water  to  make  one  pint. 

Kice  Water.  One  heaping  tablespoonful  of  rice 
to  one  pint  of  water.  Cook  four  hours  and  add 
water  to  make  one  pint. 

Egg  Water.  The  white  of  one  tgg^  thoroughly 
beaten  in  one  pint  of  cold  boiled  water,  strain,  add  a 
pinch  of  salt. 

Beef  Mutton  or  Chicken  Broth.  Take  one  pound 
of  meat  free  of  fat.  Cook  for  three  hours  in  a 
quart  of  water.  Strain  and  when  the  broth  is  cool 
remove  the  fat  and  add  salt  to  flavor. 

Scraped  Beef.  Broil  round  steak  slightly  over  a 
brisk  fire.     Split  the  steak  and  scrape  out  the  pulp. 

Beef  Juice.  Cut  round  steak  into  pieces,  size  of 
a  horse-chestnut.  Place  in  a  buttered  pan  in  a  hot 
oven  and  bake  for  15  minutes.  Remove  the  pan 
and  press  out  the  blood  with  a  lemon  squeezer,  or 
broil  round  steak  very  rare ;  cut  in  small  pieces,  place 

105 


Notes 


Formulas  107 

in  a  lemon  squeezer  or  meat  press  and  press  out  the 
blood,  add  a  little  salt. 

Oatmeal  Jelly,  Oatmeal,  four  ounces;  water, 
one  pint;  boil  for  three  hours  in  a  double  boiler, 
water  being  added,  so  that  when  the  cooking  is 
completed  a  thin  paste  will  be  formed.  This,  while 
hot,  is  forced  through  a  colander  to  remove  the 
coarser  particles.  When  cold,  a  semi-solid  mass 
will  be  formed. 

Whey.  Put  one  pint  of  fresh  milk  Into  a  sauce- 
pan and  heat  it  lukewarm,  not  over  100°  F. ;  then 
add  tv/o  teaspoonfuls  of  Fairchild's  essence  of  pep- 
sin and  stir  just  enough  to  mix.  Let  it  stand  until 
firmly  jellied,  then  beat  with  a  fork  until  it  is  finely 
divided,  strain,  and  the  whey,  the  liquid  part,  is 
ready  for  use. 

Junket.  To  one  pint  of  fresh  milk  add  one 
tablespoonful  of  essence  of  pepsin  or  a  junket  tablet, 
and  two  teaspoonfuls  of  sugar.  Allow  it  to  stand 
over  a  fire  until  the  temperature  is  100°  F. ;  then  add 
vanilla  as  a  flavoring  and  allow  it  to  stand  until  the 
curd  is  set,  when  it  should  be  placed  upon  ice. 


THE    END 

:a  who  desire  greater  detail  tor-ether  with  a 
d^ecription  of  the  diseases  of  infants  and  children 
are  referred  to  the  Author's  work  "£hort  Talks  With 
Young  Mothers",  advertised  on  next  page. 


Short    Talks   with    Young 

Mothers 

On  the  Management  of  Infants  and  Young 

Children 

By  CHARLES  GILMORE  KERLEY,  M.D. 

Professor   o£   Diseases   of  Children,   N.    Y.    Polyclinic    Medical    School   and 
Hospital;    Attending    Physician    to    the    N.    Y.    Infant    Asylum;    Assist- 
ant   Attending    Physician    to    the    Babies'    Hospital,    N.    Y. ;    Con- 
sulting Physician,  New  York  Home  for  Crippled  and  Destitute 
Children;     Consulting     Pediatrist,     Greenwich     Hospital; 
Consulting    Physican,    Savilla    Home,    N.     Y. 

Second  Edition,  Revised  and  Enlarged.     With  21  Illustrations. 
345  pages.     Cr.  8vo.    $1.00  vet.    By  mail,  $1.10 


SOME  CRITICAL  COMMENTS 

"  It  is  full  of  practical  suggestions  and  has  evidently  been  writ- 
ten by  a  man  who  has  had  wide  personal  experience  in  the  man- 
agement of  the  nursery.  It  is  singularly  free  from  all  theoretical 
bias. 

"  Every  word  that  Dr.  Kerley  has  to  say  on  the  subject  of 
habits  is  worth  attention  and  is  useful  not  only  for  mothers,  but 
for  practitioners  also,  who  are  frequently  consulted  in  such  mat- 
ters. 

"  The  directions  for  the  feeding  of  infants  and  young  children 
are  very  simple  and  in  accordance  with  the  best  modern  principles. 

"  We  highly  commend  the  diet  schedules  which  are  drawn  up  for 
the  children  of  from  one  year  to  six  years  of  age." — London 
Lancet. 

"...  Clear,  sensible,  exhaustive,  and  interesting.  It  Is  not 
too  large  to  be  conveniently  handled  and  the  print  is  very  clear." 

The  Criterion. 

G.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


DATE  DUE 

yiD  1  1 

1999    APR 

n  1  ^ 

WAH   »    1 

17//     Mrn 

\)   1  •*     ■* 

'.  1 , 

T 

Printed 
In  USA 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 

0032327463 


